The origin of the universe from the
sublimation of water ice.
Author; Rogelio Pérez
Casadiego
This
theory of the origin of the universe of the sublimation of the water ice, it
shows to a universe originated from a water ice, which by a phase change is
sublimated, causing space with
three spatial dimensions and once and rotation of the mass in the universe,which is called the angular moment, which allowed this condensed
water to present a movement up to accelerating it and radiating energy up to
expanding its molecules and finally to ionize them. This theory answers to the
unknowns as the dark energy from the point of view of the acceleration and
expansion of the mass, the dark matter from the point of view of a plasma of
negative ions of hydroxyl, in addition to presenting a neutral field or of
neutrons as a by-product of the ionization of the water molecules
Keywords;
Molecule of ion
negative of hydroxyl, ion hydrogen atoms, water ice. Dark matter, dark energy,
plasma.
Introduction;
This article presents a new theory on the origin of
the universe, which explains that the universe originated of water ice, which
after a physical process known as phase transition is passed Solid state to the
gaseous state, process known as sublimation, which is called the angular moment
and then to the liquid state process known
as condensation and due to its mass movement, experiment an acceleration in the
mass of water up to make rotate on its own axis, radiating energy and ionizing
their molecules converting the water gas that filled the early universe into
two kinds of plasma and an neutrons field.
The theory about the origin of the universe that is
currently accepted by the scientific community is the theory of the big bang,
but because of the advancement of science and of some work of physics that
contradict this theory has been losing strength, but as there is no other
better explanation of how it originated the universe this theory still alive
with all its difficulties.
A swedish physicist
critic of the theory of the big bang and Nobel prize winner called
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén
believed the problem with the Big Bang was that astrophysicists tried to extrapolate
the origin of the universe from mathematical theories developed
on the blackboard, rather than starting from known observable phenomena. He
also considered the Big Bang to be a scientific myth devised to explain creation.[a]
The singularity of
the Big Bang theory, comes out of the
math of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which describes how
mass warps space-time, and another equation (called Raychaudhuri's equation)
that predicts whether the trajectory of something will converge or diverge over
time. Going backward in time, according to these equations, all matter in the
universe was once in a single point — the Big Bang singularity.
But that's not quite
true. In Einstein's formulation, the laws of physics actually break before the
singularity is reached. But scientists extrapolate backward as if the physics
equations still hold, said Robert Brandenberger, a theoretical cosmologist at McGill
University in Montreal.
There are other
problems brewing in physics — namely, that the two most dominant theories,
quantum mechanics and general relativity, can't be reconciled.[i]
This article presents a new theory on the origin of
the universe, which explains that the universe originated of water ice, which
after a physical process known as phase transition is passed Solid state to the
gaseous state, process known as sublimation, and then to the liquid state
process known as condensation, and due to a movement experiment an acceleration
in the mass of water up to make rotate on its own axis, radiating energy and
ionizing their molecules converting the water gas that filled the early
universe into two kinds of plasma and an neutrons field.
In the development of the background
to this work were written and were cited verbatim paragraphs of current
scientific research, which justify and reinforce this new way of viewing the
universe, by which we can say that it is not an isolated idea of the
researcher.
The theory of relativity teaches that
a mass that accelerates will have to radiate energy, and the best candidate to
accelerate and radiate energy, is the water because of their molecular
combination the oxygen and the hydrogen, can be used as a raw material, to form
all the elements of the earth and the universe, as explained by the Doctor
William A. Fowleren in his writing the elements can be transmuted[b],
moreover the percentage of the mass of the water molecule, explains
perfectly 100% of matter in the universe"
This hypothesis has antecedents in the old time the
pre-socratic philosopher and scientist Thales of Miletus, this referred to the
idea that everything was made of water, giving importance to the movement.
But at present scientific papers have
been found; the start of the
Universe should be modeled not as a Big Bang but more like water freezing into
ice, according to a team of theoretical physicists at the University of Melbourne and
RMIT University[c].
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN),
have come to an unusual conclusion after conducting an experiment to high levels
of energy, where he recreated the «first microseconds after the Big Bang".
After accelerating a number of particles, the team believes that, in those
first moments, not only universe was very hot and dense, but that, and here
comes the novelty, it behaved like a liquid.[d]
New origin of universe model pours water on Big Bang
theory; A new model in which the cosmos is filled with a
“quantum fluid” suggests that there was no Big Bang – and could explain the
origin of two mysterious components of the universe.[e]
This theory also talk that the universe rotates due to
the acceleration of the mass of water which originated and the scientist have
said; “The universe was born spinning
and continues to do so around a preferred axis – that is the bold conclusion of
physicists in the US who have studied the rotation of more than 15,000
galaxies. While most cosmological theories have suggested that – on a large
scale – the universe is the same in every direction, these recent findings
suggest that the early universe was born spinning about a specific axis”[f]
Any new theory of the origin of the universe will have
to answer hypothetically some mysteries of science as dark matter and dark
energy, so it presented several concepts on these mysteries.
Dark matter is a kind of matter hypothesized in astronomy and cosmology to account for
gravitational effects that appear to be the result of invisible mass. Dark
matter cannot be seen directly with telescopes; evidently it neither emits nor absorbs light or other electromagnetic
radiation at any significant level. It is otherwise hypothesized to simply
be matter that is not reactant to light.[g]
Dark energy is a hypothetical form
of energy which
permeates all of space and tends to accelerate the expansion of the universe.[h]
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén in 1937 based on his work on
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) argued that if plasma
pervaded the universe, it could then carry electric currents capable of
generating a galactic magnetic field.
Plasma is one of the four fundamental states of matter, the others being solid, liquid, and gas. Plasma has
properties which are unlike those of the other states.
Plasma is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in
the Universe, most of which
is in the rarefied intergalactic, particularly the intracluster medium, and in stars, including
the Sun.[i]
Plasmas are by far the most common phase of ordinary
matter in the universe, both by mass and by volume. Essentially, all of the
visible light from space comes from stars, which are plasmas with a temperature
such that they radiate strongly at visible wavelengths. Most of the ordinary
(or baryonic) matter in the universe, however, is found in the intergalactic
medium, which is also a plasma, but much hotter, so that it radiates primarily
as X-rays.
After winning the
Nobel Prize for his works in magnetohydrodynamics, he emphasized that:
In order to
understand the phenomena in a certain plasma region, it is necessary to map not
only the magnetic but also the electric field and the electric currents. Space
is filled with a network of currents which transfer energy and momentum over
large or very large distances. The currents often pinch to filamentary or surface
currents. The latter are likely to give space, as also interstellar and
intergalactic space, a cellular structure.[j]
Alfvén recalled:
When I describe the
[plasma phenomena] according to this formulism most referees do not understand
what I say and turn down my papers. With the referee system which rules US
science today, this means that my papers are rarely accepted by the leading US
journals.[k].
There are also some
ideas about what dark matter could be, called, Wimps and Axions, first there
are several experiments without being able to find them, and the second
(axions) the theory that predicts the existence of this particle in practice is
not met. “The Dirac-mass chaos eventually destroys the exotic surface state,”
magnetic monopoles or of axions.[l]
magnetic monopoles or of axions.[l]
Another concept is on the expansion of the universe,
there is currently a scientific explanation, which proposes another explanation
of the expansion of the universe, which was published in the journal natural
that refers to the expansion of the mass of the atoms.[m]
To explain the
acceleration of the expansion of the universe, astrophysicists have invoked dark energy – a hypothetical form of
energy that permeates all of space. A popular theory of dark energy, however,
does not fit new results on the value of the proton mass divided by the
electron mass in the early universe, the professor of astronomy of the University of Arizona, Rodger Thompson
finds that a popular alternative to Albert Einstein's theory for the
acceleration of the expansion of the universe does not fit newly obtained data
on a fundamental constant, the proton to electron mass ratio[n].
A cosmological model with a
large scale primordial rotation term of this order can give an accelerating
universe mimicking a dark energy term."[o]
In addition to solving the problem of dark matter and dark energy,
rotational cosmology also provides us with a picture of the universe which
matches the observable rotation
of planets around their stars, and the rotation of observable spiral galaxies orbiting super-massive black holes at their centers, and
from the largest perspective, the rotation of galaxies around a central
ultra-massive black hole
When physicists seeking
dark matter Labs a kilometer and half under the mountain Gran Sasso of Italy,
looking for particles of weak interaction have been found with neutrons, And in
this research these neutrons found by scientists are part of a field of
neutrons that permeates the universe originated from the byproduct of
ionization by gamma rays from the molecules of water gas that filled the
primordial universe.” “Over a two-month period,
we saw about four signals that looked like wimps,” says Peter Meyers, a
physicist at Princeton University and a member of the Darkside team. “They all
turned out to be neutrons.”[p]
Materials and methods
The method to perform this research was the method
analytical and synthetic, because the method of scientific evolution should be
mixed, both for the discovery to science instruction, which is we use two
species of method.
Results;
This theory teaches that; the universe was originated
from a water ice (The ice has the
characteristic of having three spatial dimensions and once that we see today), in which suffers a physical process known
as phase transition
that causes a change in this matter, passing of state solid to gas, a
process known as sublimation,Then by the sublimation of water ice, originates space with three spatial dimensions and once and rotation of the mass in the universe. which is called the angular moment, forming
a water fog, after
the condensation of this gas turning to the liquid state, then in this liquid water presents a movement of
rotation, which is increasing up to accelerate and to make rotate on its own
axis (according to this theory is the
cause by which all the matter in the universe rotates), which begins to radiate energy, this energy radiated in the beginning of the universe,
generated very high temperatures (According to this theory is the thermal
radiation (CMB)), changing this water mass into a gas which expands
throughout whole universe in its origin,
subsequently in the atoms of this radiated energy, the atoms begin a
spontaneous emission due to the interaction with matter, and there begins this
high energy to turn into photons (All sufficiently heated body emits electromagnetic radiation in the visible spectrum), Originating a Photoionization in the first place, and producing atoms (H) and free radicals (OH), then this water gas is assaulted by the photons of
high energy (rays gamma), and the water molecules are ionized by the absorption
of light UV of high energy resulting in the loss of electrons from the
molecules of water generating a expansion in the midst of this water gas(according
to this theory is the expansion that the universe experiment in its
beginnings and at present), and the universe is divided electrically into
three fields; a positive field; this is formed of the hydrogen atoms (+H), another
negative formed by the molecule of (-OH), and a neutral field It is
formed by neutrons Or neutral particles originate from the by-product of the
ionization of molecules of water by gamma rays. (According to this theory is the
exterior space).
The matter was divided into 2 kinds of plasma; The
first plasma composed of negative hydroxyl ions (-OH), was formed what we know
today as the dark matter and dark energy, which constitutes 95% of the totality
of the matter in the universe, and which formed water clouds, oceans, ice water
and liquid water in the universe, And
the second plasma hydrogen ions (+H) was formed clouds, stars, galaxies and the
rest of astronomical structures that
at present are observed, that constitutes 5 % of the matter of the universe,
and of expansion in the middle of this gas is what we know the exterior space, and
this neutral field.
Conclusions;
As a conclusion we can say that the universe
originated from something called water ice, responds better many of the
mysteries that today have in problem the theory of the big bang. Others of the
conclusions of the study is that the universe has no beginning but first
causes. We can also say that the space is independent of the time and that what
we know as the age of the universe, according to this theory is the origin of
light in the universe, which according to this theory is product of the
radiation energy of the accelerated matter.
This theory teaches that the angular momentum that
gave rise to the rotational movement of the mass in the universe was the
sublimation of water ice.
Also is possible to conclude that the universe was
divided electrically into three fields; a positive field; this is formed of the
hydrogen atoms (+H), another
negative formed by the molecule of (-OH), and a neutral field It is formed
by neutrons Or neutral particles originate from the by-product of the ionization
of molecules of water by gamma rays.
This work also has as conclusions that there is a
field of neutrons that permeates the universe which is originated from the
byproduct of ionization by gamma rays from the gas molecules of water that
filled the primordial universe.
Other one of the conclusions of this work, is that the
light in the universe originated from progressive form, keeping the principle
of conservation of the energy, is energy that radiated this mass of water,
caused by the acceleration, is converted into light, because the atoms begin a spontaneous emission due to
the excitation of the atoms, turning into photons, and this energy turns
little by little into light as the low energy. Also I think that this principle is associated with
the quantity of twinkles of gamma rays that occur in the universe.
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